▲Electric air-blowing pollination machinery is used to pollinate kiwifruit
Today we are going to talk about the importance of Kiwi fruit pollination and the importance of Pollination in Kiwi fruit production. So we know that the kiwi fruit plant is either male or female. That is why when we are planning to plant a kiwifruit orchard, it is important to plant one male plant for every Nine female plants. If one male plant is not planted then 9 female plants will also not bear fruit.
今天我们就来谈谈猕猴桃授粉的重要性以及授粉在猕猴桃生产中的重要性。所以我们知道猕猴桃植株要么是雄性，要么是雌性。这就是为什么当我们计划种植猕猴桃果园时，每九株雌性植物种植一株雄性植物非常重要。如果不种植一株雄株，那么九株雌株也不会结果。
▲Kiwi pollination by honey bee
So April and May are the right time for pollination because at this time both the male and female flowers are in bloom. So we can see that the female plant has a bump before the flowers bloom. After that, the flower opens a little. it’s a different phenological stage of the flower, And in the last stages, the flower is in full bloom. which you can also see in the picture.
所以四月和五月是授粉的最佳时间，因为此时雄花和雌花都盛开。所以我们可以看到雌株在开花前有一个凸起。之后，花会稍微开放。这是花的不同物候阶段，在最后阶段，花盛开。您也可以在图片中看到。
▲Extraction of pollen grain from anther
Table of Contents
Differences between Male and female Kiwi fruit flowers
Female Kiwi fruit flower
Male Kiwi fruit flower
Importance of Kiwi fruit pollination
Pollination in Kiwi fruit
Pollination by insect
Pollination by pollen extractor/rupture method
Hand Pollination
How are kiwi fruits pollinated?
Is kiwi fruit self-pollinating?
What is the agent of pollination of the kiwi fruit?
Do kiwis need bees?
Is Kiwi cross-pollinated?
▲采摘猕猴桃雄花
目录
猕猴桃雌雄花的差异
雌性猕猴桃花
猕猴桃雄花
猕猴桃授粉的重要性
猕猴桃授粉
昆虫授粉
花粉提取器/破裂法授粉
人工授粉
猕猴桃是如何授粉的？
猕猴桃是自花授粉的吗？
猕猴桃的授粉剂是什么？
猕猴桃需要蜜蜂吗？
猕猴桃是异花授粉的吗？
▲ Full bloom 盛开的猕猴桃花
This is a female flower, its female part is in the middle and this which is yellow on the side is the male part. I will tell you later how to distinguish both flowers.
This is a flower whose pollination is done by hand, that is called hand pollination. After pollination, these petals become yellow and fall off. After this, the fruit setting is done. This fruit gradually increases in size and after about 200 days it becomes ready for harvest.
So today’s main issue is Kiwi fruit pollination and before that, we will know how Kiwi flowers look.
Differences between Male and female Kiwi fruit flowers
▲猕猴桃雌花、猕猴桃雄花
这是一朵雌花，雌花部分在中间，旁边黄色的是雄花部分。稍后我会告诉你如何区分这两种花。
这是一种靠手工授粉的花，即所谓的手工授粉。授粉后，这些花瓣变黄并脱落。此后，坐果就完成了。这种果实的大小逐渐增大，大约 200 天后就可以收获了。
所以今天的主要问题是猕猴桃授粉，在此之前我们先来了解一下猕猴桃花的样子。
猕猴桃雌雄花的区别、雌性猕猴桃果花
This part of the mother’s flower is the female part, which is called multi carpellary stigma. Now see, this is the female flower, it has both male and female parts, but these are called fake pollen. These male parts are called anthers and are called fake anthers as they are not very viable. That’s why it is called the female flower.
▲feMale Kiwi fruit flower
母花的这部分是雌性部分，称为多心皮柱头。现在看，这是雌花，它有雄性和雌性部分，但这些被称为假花粉。这些雄性部分被称为花药，也被称为假花药，因为它们的活力不强。这就是为什么它被称为雌花。
▲新西兰的猕猴桃雄花园Kiwi Male Garden in New Zealand
雄性猕猴桃果花
The second flower is the male flower. There is no female part in it. it has very prominent anthers. Anther has a large number of pollen grains. when both male and female flowers are in full bloom and when the pollen of male flowers meets with the stigma of the female flower. then after the pollen tube develops it later becomes fruit.
第二朵花是雄花。里面没有女性部分。它有非常突出的花药。花药有大量花粉粒。当雄花和雌花都盛开并且雄花的花粉与雌花的柱头相遇时。然后花粉管发育后就会变成果实。
▲Kiwi pollination by honey bee
Importance of Kiwi fruit pollination
Scientifically 100 grams of kiwi fruit contains around 1000 seeds. In the case of kiwi fruit, especially in the fruit market, the size of the kiwi matters a lot. If our kiwi fruit is above 100 grams then we will categorize it into A- grade fruit. And it gets a very good price in the market.
猕猴桃授粉的重要性
科学地讲，100克猕猴桃含有大约1000颗种子。就猕猴桃而言，尤其是在水果市场上，猕猴桃的大小非常重要。如果我们的猕猴桃在100克以上，那么我们就将其归类为A级水果。并且在市场上获得了非常好的价格。
▲Photo of red kiwi fruit pollination
In 100 gms Kiwi fruit contains about 1000 seeds. How are these seeds formed? Seeds are formed in the process of pollination. To form one seed, 10 times more pollen is used. So to form 1000 seeds, 10000 pollen will be used. So pollination plays an important role in kiwi fruit quality and production.
100 克猕猴桃中含有约 1000 粒种子。这些种子是怎样形成的呢？种子是在授粉过程中形成的。为了形成一颗种子，需要使用10倍的花粉。因此，要形成1000个种子，将使用10000 个花粉。因此授粉对猕猴桃的品质和产量起着重要作用。
▲Training on Pollination Techniques for Kiwi Orchard
Pollination in Kiwi fruit
This is a very broad aspect of kiwi fruit cultivation. Because if it is not pollinated then it will not produce fruit. If it happens on its own or without full pollen grains. then the size of the Kiwi fruit will be small or NOT proper healthy fruit will not be formed, so pollination determines what size the fruit will be. In Kiwi, the pollination process takes place in many ways. We will discuss some of those methods below
猕猴桃授粉
这是猕猴桃种植的一个非常广泛的方面。因为如果不授粉，就不会结出果实。如果它单独发生或没有完整的花粉粒。那么猕猴桃的果实就会变小或者无法形成不健康的果实，因此授粉决定了果实的大小。在猕猴桃中，授粉过程通过多种方式进行。我们将在下面讨论其中一些方法
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Pollination by insect
As in other fruits, the mode of pollination or pollinator is an insect such as a bee. In this kiwi fruit pollination, the bee carries different pollens to the female flowers. However, the petals in kiwi flowers do not contain a higher amount of nectar which does not attract honey bees resulting in lesser pollen transfer. Nectar plays an important role in honey sweetness.
昆虫授粉
与其他水果一样，授粉方式或传粉媒介是昆虫，例如蜜蜂。在这次猕猴桃授粉中，蜜蜂将不同的花粉带到雌花上。然而，猕猴桃花的花瓣不含有大量的花蜜，这不会吸引蜜蜂，从而导致花粉转移较少。花蜜对蜂蜜的甜度起着重要作用。
▲Kiwi pollination by honey bee
If we keep bee boxes in the orchard it would be helpful for pollination but in the case of the kiwi orchard, it won’t help us much. So let’s see what we can do for adequate pollination in Kiwi orchards. so that we could get a good size of kiwi fruit
Pollination by pollen extractor/rupture method
In developed countries, they use the method of pollen extractor. They remove or extract the anthers from these male flowers. After that dry all the anthers at 25-30 degrees Celsius but not in direct sunlight.After that pollen grains get out
▲Extraction of pollen grain from anther
如果我们在果园里放蜂箱，这将有助于授粉，但对于猕猴桃果园来说，这对我们没有多大帮助。那么让我们看看我们可以做些什么来为猕猴桃果园提供充足的授粉。这样我们就能得到大小合适的猕猴桃
花粉提取器/破裂法授粉
在发达国家，他们使用花粉提取器的方法。他们从这些雄花中去除或提取花药。然后将所有花药在25-30摄氏度下干燥，但不要在阳光直射下干燥。之后花粉粒就会出来
▲干燥猕猴桃花粉
9-11 am is the best time for pollination. So in between this time, we will spray/sprinkle the pollen grains on the female flower with the help of a brush. After that pollination process takes place
上午9点至11点是授粉的最佳时间。因此，在这段时间之间，我们将借助刷子将花粉粒喷洒/撒在雌花上。授粉过程发生后
▲Training on Pollination Techniques for Kiwi Orchard
Many times the male flower does not bloom at the same time as the female flower. That is why there is no synchronization between male and female flowers. In that condition, we can harvest and store anthers or pollen grains source at -20 degrees Celsius in a tube or any storage container. And we can use the stored pollen for one year or we can use that pollen grain source for next year.
很多时候雄花不会与雌花同时开花。这就是雄花和雌花之间不同步的原因。在这种情况下，我们可以在-20摄氏度下收获花药或花粉粒源并将其储存在管子或任何储存容器中。我们可以使用储存的花粉一年，也可以使用明年的花粉粒源。
▲将花粉置于冰箱零下18℃冷冻室保存
Hand Pollination
So the first effective method is hand pollination. we have an option of hand pollination here in India. In hand pollination When the female flower is in full bloom, the female flower is just touched by the male flower between 9-11 am in the morning. One male flower can touch 7-8 female flowers.
female flower is just touched by the male flower
▲猕猴桃对花授粉方法图片
人工授粉
所以第一个有效的方法就是人工授粉。在印度，我们可以选择人工授粉。手工授粉 当雌花盛开时，雌花在上午 9 点至 11 点之间刚好与雄花接触。一朵雄花可以接触7-8朵雌花。
雌花刚刚被雄花碰到
By this process, we do hand pollination in kiwi fruit. Due to this process, the color of the petals turns yellow and falls and after that, the formation of fruits starts.
These are all methods with the help of which pollination takes place in kiwi fruit. Due to a lack of proper pollination, fruit quality and production can be greatly affected. You can pollinate a kiwi plant using all the methods discussed above.
通过这个过程，我们对猕猴桃进行人工授粉。由于这个过程，花瓣的颜色变黄并掉落，之后开始形成果实。
这些都是猕猴桃授粉的方法。由于缺乏适当的授粉，水果的品质和产量会受到很大影响。您可以使用上述所有方法为猕猴桃植物授粉。
▲授粉受精成功的雌花，花瓣变为黄色
How are kiwi fruits pollinated?
In the kiwi fruit plant, there are male and female plants. Every 9 female plants required one male plant. In the pollination process, the male flower of the kiwi plant contains anthers and in the male flower, it has 1000 pollen grains. When the pollen of the male flower meets with the stigma in the female flower then the pollen tube develops and later it becomes fruit. The more the pollen grain meets on the female stigma healthier the Kiwi fruit and its size.
猕猴桃是如何授粉的？
猕猴桃植株有雄性植株和雌性植株。每 9 株雌株需要一株雄株。在授粉过程中，猕猴桃植物的雄花含有花药，雄花中有1000个花粉粒。当雄花的花粉与雌花的柱头相遇时，花粉管发育，然后成为果实。花粉粒在雌性柱头上接触的越多，猕猴桃的果实及其大小就越健康。
▲新西兰的猕猴桃雄花园Kiwi Male Garden in New Zealand
Is kiwi fruit self-pollinating?
No kiwi fruit is not self-pollinating, it requires cross-pollination between male and female plant flowers. It is very important to have both male and female plants in the kiwi orchard. One male plant can pollinate 9 female plants. However, there are some varieties of kiwi under research for self-pollination.
猕猴桃是自花授粉吗？
猕猴桃果实不是自花授粉的，它需要雄性和雌性植物花之间的异花授粉。在猕猴桃园中同时拥有雄性和雌性植物非常重要。一株雄性植物可以为九株雌性植物授粉。然而，有一些猕猴桃品种正在研究自花授粉。
▲Kiwi pollination▲
What is the agent of pollination of the kiwi fruit?
The primary agents of kiwi fruit pollination are bees, honey bees, and other insects. Without pollination, the kiwi plant does not bear fruit. However, insects like honey bees are not a suitable method because kiwi flowers do not contain nectar and hence honey bees are less attracted to the kiwi plant.
猕猴桃的授粉剂是什么？
猕猴桃授粉的主要媒介是蜜蜂、蜜蜂和其他昆虫。如果没有授粉，猕猴桃植物就不会结果。然而，像蜜蜂这样的昆虫并不是一个合适的方法，因为猕猴桃花不含花蜜，因此蜜蜂对猕猴桃植物的吸引力较小。
▲sungold kiwi orchard
Do kiwis need bees?
Pollinator agents like bees are not very effective in kiwi pollination because, in the petals of kiwi, flowers have a minor amount of nectar. so that bees are not attracted to the kiwi flower resulting in less pollen transfer by bees to the female flower. So the bees are not effective for Kiwis
猕猴桃需要蜜蜂吗？
蜜蜂等传粉媒介在猕猴桃授粉中不是很有效，因为在猕猴桃的花瓣中，花朵含有少量的花蜜。这样蜜蜂就不会被猕猴桃花吸引，从而减少了蜜蜂向雌花转移花粉。所以蜜蜂对新西兰人没有效果
▲Kiwi pollination by honey bee
Is Kiwi cross-pollinated?
Yes, kiwis are cross-pollinated when a male flower`s pollen grains come in contact with the female stigma.
猕猴桃是异花授粉的吗？
是的，当雄花的花粉粒与雌花的柱头接触时，猕猴桃就会异花授粉。
▲Kiwi pollination by honey bee
▲Male Kiwi fruit flower
▲猕猴桃花粉电子显微镜下照片
▲Kiwi pollination by honey bee
▲Kiwi pollination by honey bee
